TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lau, Siew Tiang
AU  - Siah, Rosalind Chiew Jiat
AU  - Dzakirin Bin Rusli, Khairul
AU  - Loh, Wen Liang
AU  - Yap, John Yin Gwee
AU  - Ang, Emily
AU  - Lim, Fui Ping
AU  - Liaw, Sok Ying
PY  - 2023
DA  - 2023/8/30
TI  - Design and Evaluation of Using Head-Mounted Virtual Reality for Learning Clinical Procedures: Mixed Methods Study
JO  - JMIR Serious Games
SP  - e46398
VL  - 11
KW  - user experience
KW  - acceptability
KW  - usability
KW  - virtual patient
KW  - clinical procedure
KW  - immersive
KW  - nursing student
KW  - virtual reality
KW  - education
KW  - performance
AB  - Background: The capacity of health care professionals to perform clinical procedures safely and competently is crucial as it will directly impact patients’ outcomes. Given the ability of head-mounted virtual reality to simulate the authentic clinical environment, this platform should be suitable for nurses to refine their clinical skills for knowledge and skills acquisition. However, research on head-mounted virtual reality in learning clinical procedures is limited. Objective: The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the design of a head-mounted virtual reality system and evaluate it for education on clinical procedures for nursing students and (2) to explore the experience of nursing students using head-mounted virtual reality for learning clinical procedures and the usability of the system. Methods: This usability study used a mixed method approach. The stages included developing 3D models of the necessary instruments and materials used in intravenous therapy and subcutaneous injection procedures performed by nurses, followed by developing the procedures using the Unreal Engine (Epic Games). Questionnaires on the perception of continuance intention and the System Usability Scale were used along with open-ended questions. Results: Twenty-nine nursing students took part in this questionnaire study after experiencing the immersive virtual reality (IVR) intervention. Participants reported largely favorable game perception and learning experience. Mean perception scores ranged from 3.21 to 4.38 of a maximum score of 5, while the mean system usability score was 53.53 of 100. The majority found that the IVR experience was engaging, and they were immersed in the game. The challenges encountered included unfamiliarity with the new learning format; technological constraints, such as using hand controllers; and physical discomfort. Conclusions: The conception of IVR for learning clinical procedures through deliberate practice to enhance nurses’ knowledge and skills is promising. However, refinement of the prototypes is required to improve user experience and learning. Future research can explore other ways to use IVR for better education and health care purposes. 
SN  - 2291-9279
UR  - https://games.jmir.org/2023/1/e46398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/46398
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37647108
DO  - 10.2196/46398
ID  - info:doi/10.2196/46398
ER  -