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A Conversational Agent Using Natural Language Processing for Postpartum Care for New Mothers: Development and Engagement Analysis

A Conversational Agent Using Natural Language Processing for Postpartum Care for New Mothers: Development and Engagement Analysis

The “fourth trimester,” or postpartum time period, is often a forgotten “trimester” of pregnancy, yet plays a critical role in parental and newborn well-being. While undergoing numerous physiologic and emotional changes following birth, patients are also susceptible to complications such as infection, thrombosis, and hypertensive disorders as well as the new onset or exacerbation of mental health disorders [1,2].

Kirstin Leitner, Clare Cutri-French, Abigail Mandel, Lori Christ, Nathaneal Koelper, Meaghan McCabe, Emily Seltzer, Laura Scalise, James A Colbert, Anuja Dokras, Roy Rosin, Lisa Levine

JMIR AI 2025;4:e58454

Exploring Psychosocial Burdens of Diabetes in Pregnancy and the Feasibility of Technology-Based Support: Qualitative Study

Exploring Psychosocial Burdens of Diabetes in Pregnancy and the Feasibility of Technology-Based Support: Qualitative Study

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined by the World Health Organization as a condition of hyperglycemia in pregnancy with blood glucose measurements exceeding normal values but below values diagnostic of diabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) during pregnancy impose greater burdens and correlate with greater health risks including increased rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity than diabetes mellitus (DM) outside of pregnancy [1]. Antenatal DM management mitigates these risks [2].

Maya V Roytman, Layna Lu, Elizabeth Soyemi, Karolina Leziak, Charlotte M Niznik, Lynn M Yee

JMIR Diabetes 2025;10:e53854

Using Social Media to Engage and Enroll Underrepresented Populations: Longitudinal Digital Health Research

Using Social Media to Engage and Enroll Underrepresented Populations: Longitudinal Digital Health Research

This paper aims to (1) characterize the socioeconomic and demographic differences among individuals who enrolled and participated in a US-based pregnancy study—the Better Understanding the Metamorphosis of Pregnancy (BUMP) study—through various remote, digital, and traditional recruitment methods and (2) to determine whether social media outreach is an effective means of recruiting and retaining historically URPs to participate in pregnancy-related digital health research.

Christiana Harry, Sarah Goodday, Carol Chapman, Emma Karlin, April Joy Damian, Alexa Brooks, Adrien Boch, Nelly Lugo, Rebecca McMillan, Jonell Tempero, Ella Swanson, Shannon Peabody, Diane McKenzie, Stephen Friend

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e68093

Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure or Positional Therapy Compared to Control for Treatment of  Obstructive Sleep Apnea on the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy: Protocol for Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure or Positional Therapy Compared to Control for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy: Protocol for Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

During pregnancy, physiological changes, including upper airway edema and hormone-related upper airway pressure changes, predispose women to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) [1]. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in pregnancy increases from 3.6% in early pregnancy to 8.3% in midpregnancy and is associated with an independent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) [2].

Frances Clements, Hima Vedam, Yewon Chung, John Smoleniec, Colin Sullivan, Renuka Shanmugalingam, Annemarie Hennessy, Angela Makris

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e51434

Effects of Using a Smart Bassinet on the Mental Health of Military-Affiliated Pregnant Women: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Sleep Health and Mood in Newly Expectant Military Mothers (SHINE) Trial

Effects of Using a Smart Bassinet on the Mental Health of Military-Affiliated Pregnant Women: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Sleep Health and Mood in Newly Expectant Military Mothers (SHINE) Trial

Compare the trajectory of immune system function from late pregnancy through post partum between participants with and without PMADs and between SB and TB groups. (1) Hypothesis 3a: Peripheral cytokines, immune cells, and stimulated cytokine profiles of women with PMADs assessed in late pregnancy and at 3 and 6 months post partum will indicate greater innate immune activity compared to those of women without PMADs. (2) Hypothesis 3b: Mothers of infants who sleep in SB will exhibit lesser innate immune dysfunction

Michele L Okun, Jennifer L Payne, Lauren M Osborne, Leilani Feliciano, Andrew Lac

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e66439

Experiences of Birth Attendants on Upward Obstetric Emergency Referrals in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Experiences of Birth Attendants on Upward Obstetric Emergency Referrals in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Pregnancy and childbirth can pose risks to both the mother and fetus [1], sometimes leading to life-threatening situations known as obstetric emergencies [2]. In such cases, specialized care is necessary and provided through a well-established referral system [3], typically an upward referral, which refers to the process by which health care providers at lower levels of the system seek assistance from specialized or better-equipped providers [4].

Final Z Juqu, Olivia B Baloyi, Esther L Mbobnda Kapche, Wilma ten Ham-Baloyi, Geldine Chironda, Zamadonda Nokuthula Xulu-Kasaba

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e64886

Efficacy of a Personalized mHealth App in Improving Micronutrient Supplement Use Among Pregnant Women in Karachi, Pakistan: Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Trial

Efficacy of a Personalized mHealth App in Improving Micronutrient Supplement Use Among Pregnant Women in Karachi, Pakistan: Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Trial

Pregnancy involves profound physiological transformations, requiring optimal nutrition for fetal growth and maternal well-being [1]. Poor maternal nutrition can adversely affect the development, functioning, and programming of major fetal organs, leading to lifelong health consequences [2]. Micronutrients, including essential vitamins and minerals, are crucial for embryogenesis and placental and organ development, particularly during the early stage of pregnancy [2].

Khadija Vadsaria, Rozina Nuruddin, Nuruddin Mohammed, Iqbal Azam, Saleem Sayani

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e67166

Automatic Human Embryo Volume Measurement in First Trimester Ultrasound From the Rotterdam Periconception Cohort: Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence

Automatic Human Embryo Volume Measurement in First Trimester Ultrasound From the Rotterdam Periconception Cohort: Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence

The current standard for monitoring growth and development during early pregnancy is the crown-rump length (CRL). Early measurements of the CRL are used in standard clinical practice to estimate gestational age. Moreover, CRL measurements can be used to predict miscarriages and are associated with estimated fetal weight, birth weight, and adverse pregnancy outcomes [1-5]. Volumetric measurements of the human embryo during early pregnancy are a novel way to assess growth and development.

Wietske A P Bastiaansen, Stefan Klein, Batoul Hojeij, Eleonora Rubini, Anton H J Koning, Wiro Niessen, Régine P M Steegers-Theunissen, Melek Rousian

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e60887

Centering Birthing Experiences of Women of Color: Protocol for a Qualitative Maternal Near Miss Study

Centering Birthing Experiences of Women of Color: Protocol for a Qualitative Maternal Near Miss Study

Maternal health encompasses the well-being of both mothers and their newborns during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Despite advancements in medical technology and health care systems, there remain persistent challenges with maternal mortality (MM) and morbidity.

Kaitlyn Hernandez-Spalding, Oluyemi Farinu, Lasha Clarke, Tamiah Lewis, Angie Suarez, Kimarie Bugg, Kieauna Strickland, Ashley Molleti, Sherry Maxy, Natalie Hernandez-Green

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e58410