e.g. mhealth
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Skip search results from other journals and go to results- 3 Journal of Medical Internet Research
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Current noninvasive testing methods being explored include photoelectric volumetric pulse wave, spectroscopy, and hyperspectral techniques. For diagnosis via photoelectric volumetric pulse wave, Acharya et al [16] developed a multimodel stacking regressor and estimate the total Hb using noninvasively acquired photoplethysmogram. Spectroscopic techniques explore material properties through the interaction between matter and electromagnetic waves of different frequencies [17].
JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e64204
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As brain imaging technology advances, a great deal of functional mapping information on the human brain has been accumulated from positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (f MRI), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (f NIRS). Among these technologies, f NIRS can measure brain activity in a noninvasive and safe manner through measuring changes in the hemoglobin oxygenation state of the human brain [15].
J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e51428
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Of these 3 major prefrontal cortical regions, a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (f NIRS) study showed that VR stimuli activated the OFC [21]. The OFC has been associated with emotional and behavioral regulation, decision-making, maintenance of behavioral flexibility, and processing of anticipated rewards and punishments [23]. Inappropriate functioning of the OFC can lead to disinhibition, preservation, and impulse control problems [24].
JMIR Serious Games 2023;11:e40421
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Neural Activity During Audiovisual Speech Processing: Protocol For a Functional Neuroimaging Study
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (f NIRS), on the other hand, is ideal for this patient population [21]. The technique uses near-infrared light to measure the blood oxygen saturation of the cerebral cortex. This allows indirect conclusions to be drawn about neuronal activation.
JMIR Res Protoc 2022;11(6):e38407
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spectroscopyThe Clinical Utility of a Handheld Elastic Scattering Spectroscopy Tool and Machine Learning in the Diagnosis
iproc 2021;7(1):e35440
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Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (f NIRS) detects concentration variations of oxygenated hemoglobin (Hb O) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb R), such as blood oxygen level dependent signal in f MRI. It measures the absorption of near-infrared light at wavelengths between 700 and 1000 nm, noninvasively through the skull [6,7].
J Med Internet Res 2019;21(6):e13594
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In related work, examining neural activity during surgery, Ohuchida et al [25] used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (f NIRS) to demonstrate that trainees with no experience of an endoscopy task had higher oxyhemoglobin demands in the frontal cortex of the brain than expert surgeons. f NIRS is a technique that uses a series of near-infrared light sources and detectors across the surface of the scalp to measure levels of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in specific regions of the brain.
J Med Internet Res 2017;19(12):e371
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