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Evaluation of the Tu’Washindi Na PrEP Intervention to Reduce Gender-Based Violence and Increase Preexposure Prophylaxis Uptake and Adherence Among Kenyan Adolescent Girls and Young Women: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Evaluation of the Tu’Washindi Na PrEP Intervention to Reduce Gender-Based Violence and Increase Preexposure Prophylaxis Uptake and Adherence Among Kenyan Adolescent Girls and Young Women: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Studies have found that IPV and other partner-related social harms are associated with 1.5- to 2.5-fold higher risk of poor adherence to oral Pr EP and the dapivirine ring for HIV prevention. Similar to HIV treatment and contraception [19,20,24-29], IPV and relationship inequality introduce barriers to uptake of and adherence to Pr EP at multiple levels.

Sarah T Roberts, Alexandra M Minnis, Sue Napierala, Elizabeth T Montgomery, Lina Digolo, Mackenzie L Cottrell, Erica N Browne, Jacqueline Ndirangu, Joyce Boke, Kawango Agot

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e55931

Barriers and Determinants of Referral Adherence in AI-Enabled Diabetic Retinopathy Screening for Older Adults in Northern India During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Pilot Study

Barriers and Determinants of Referral Adherence in AI-Enabled Diabetic Retinopathy Screening for Older Adults in Northern India During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Pilot Study

Limited research exists in India on older adults’ adherence to DRS referral recommendations and the barriers influencing their decisions. This study aims to (1) evaluate the referral adherence rates among older adult participants after AI-enabled DRS and identify the key factors affecting adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) identify and analyze the barriers to adherence to referral recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall study design is described in Figure 1.

Anshul Chauhan, Anju Goyal, Ritika Masih, Gagandeep Kaur, Lakshay Kumar, ­ Neha, Harsh Rastogi, Sonam Kumar, Bidhi Lord Singh, Preeti Syal, Vishali Gupta, Luke Vale, Mona Duggal

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e67047

Impact of Platform Design and Usability on Adherence and Retention: Randomized Web- and Mobile-Based Longitudinal Study

Impact of Platform Design and Usability on Adherence and Retention: Randomized Web- and Mobile-Based Longitudinal Study

Clinical trial retention and adherence rates vary greatly across and within therapeutic areas [1-3]. Low adherence and retention increase costs and negatively impact data quality and the validity of research findings. Mitigating the various retention and adherence challenges in clinical trials is a major focus of clinical trial sponsors and researchers [4]. Studies can improve retention by strategically recruiting individuals or populations more likely to complete a trial [1].

Xinrui Jiang, Michelle Timmons, Elias Boroda, Marie Onakomaiya

J Particip Med 2025;17:e50225

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Potential Effects of a Digital Oral Anticancer Agent Intervention: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Potential Effects of a Digital Oral Anticancer Agent Intervention: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

However, medication adherence rates for OAAs vary significantly, with a systematic review across 63 studies reporting adherence rates ranging from 46% to 100% [20]. Lower OAA adherence is found to be related to decreased treatment effectiveness, increased health care utilization, and increased costs due to more physician visits, higher hospitalization rates, longer hospital stays, and in some cases, decreased survival [21-24].

Saima Ahmed, Christine Maheu, Walter Gotlieb, Gerald Batist, Carmen G Loiselle

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e55475

Using Text Messaging Ecological Momentary Assessment to Record Changes in e-Cigarette and Combustible Cigarette Use: Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

Using Text Messaging Ecological Momentary Assessment to Record Changes in e-Cigarette and Combustible Cigarette Use: Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

We also assessed the association between participant characteristics and adherence to the EMA protocol, visualized changes in EC use and CPD during program participation, and quantified the percent of individuals who switched completely to ECs over time. Furthermore, we compared the results of mixed effects negative binomial regression and relative rate comparisons of CPD reduction using EMA data versus using study visit data.

Tucker Morgan, Michelle He, Andrew Nicholson, Omar El Shahawy, Scott E Sherman, Elizabeth R Stevens

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e66709

Acceptance Factors and Barriers to the Implementation of a Digital Intervention With Older Adults With Dementia or Caregivers: Protocol for an Umbrella Review

Acceptance Factors and Barriers to the Implementation of a Digital Intervention With Older Adults With Dementia or Caregivers: Protocol for an Umbrella Review

In this way, by better understanding the specific challenges faced by this population, both formal and informal caregivers can adapt technological interventions to ensure greater adherence and effectiveness, thereby promoting more integrated and patient-centered care [6,7,9,13,22].

Ricardo Madeira, Dulce Esteves, Nuno Pinto, Alessandro Vercelli, Maria Vaz Patto

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e56584

Correlation Between Objective Habit Metrics and Objective Medication Adherence: Retrospective Study of 15,818 Participants From Clinical Studies

Correlation Between Objective Habit Metrics and Objective Medication Adherence: Retrospective Study of 15,818 Participants From Clinical Studies

The hypotheses were that (1) SD of the day-to-day hour of intake would be negatively correlated to objective adherence (the more variable the hour of intake, the worse the adherence); (2) the weekly cross-correlation would be positively correlated to objective adherence (the more consistent the pattern of intakes, the better the adherence); and (3) the weekly cross-correlation would be more strongly correlated to objective adherence than the SD of the hour of intake.

Antoine Pironet, L Alison Phillips, Bernard Vrijens

Interact J Med Res 2025;14:e63987

Evaluating the Benefit of Home Support Provider Services for Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Protocol for an Ambispective International Real-World Study

Evaluating the Benefit of Home Support Provider Services for Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Protocol for an Ambispective International Real-World Study

ALH designed the AWAIR (Assessment of the Benefit of the Home Support Provider Service Level Associated With Positive Airway Pressure Treatment in Patients With OSA on Treatment Adherence and Persistence: an International Real-World) study to assess and compare PAP adherence and persistence across 4 different European countries and according to the level of service.

Sarah Alami, Manuella Schaller, Sylvie Blais, Henry Taupin, Marta Hernández González, Frédéric Gagnadoux, Paula Pinto, Irene Cano-Pumarega, Lieven Bedert, Ben Braithwaite, Hervé Servy, Stéphane Ouary, Céline Fabre, Fabienne Bazin, Joëlle Texereau

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e65840

Development of an eHealth Intervention Including Self-Management for Reducing Sedentary Time in the Transition to Retirement: Participatory Design Study

Development of an eHealth Intervention Including Self-Management for Reducing Sedentary Time in the Transition to Retirement: Participatory Design Study

Adherence to e Health interventions is slightly higher than adherence to traditional interventions, which might be due to e Health interventions being perceived as more fun [25]. Adherence can be further raised through increased acceptability of the intervention by involving older adults in the development process using participatory research design [26].

Lisa Hultman, Caroline Eklund, Petra von Heideken Wågert, Anne Söderlund, Maria Lindén, Magnus L Elfström

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e63567

Assessment, Decision, Adaptation, Production, Topical Experts-Integration, Training, and Testing (ADAPT-ITT) Framework to Tailor Evidence-Based Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment for People With HIV to Enhance Engagement and Adherence: Qualitative Results from a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

Assessment, Decision, Adaptation, Production, Topical Experts-Integration, Training, and Testing (ADAPT-ITT) Framework to Tailor Evidence-Based Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment for People With HIV to Enhance Engagement and Adherence: Qualitative Results from a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

However, failure to reach near perfect (≥95%) adherence rates may be insufficient and detrimental to achieving viral suppression. More specifically, suboptimal ART adherence is strongly linked to viral proliferation [10,11], medication resistance [10,12], disease progression [13], and even death [14]. Unfortunately, the necessary 95% to 100% ART adherence rates are not easily achieved considering the multifaceted barriers that PWH must overcome to reach and maintain the recommended benchmark.

Cristina M Lopez, Angela D Moreland, Stephanie Amaya, Erin Bisca, Christin Mujica, Tayler Wilson, Nathaniel Baker, Lauren Richey, Allison Ross Eckard, Patricia A Resick, Steven A Safren, Carla Kmett Danielson

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e64258