Multimodal Psychophysiological Assessment of Craving in Patients With Alcohol Dependence During Virtual Reality Cue Exposure: Exploratory Single-Arm Clinical Study

Alva Lütt   ^{1, 2, 3, 4} , Dr med ;   Nadja Ruckser   ^{1, 4, 5} , MSc ;   Alessandro Turno   ^{1, 6} , MD ;   Nikolaos Tsamitros   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Julia Thormann   ⁷ , MSc ;   Daniel Schulze   ⁸ , Dr rer nat ;   Ivan Nenchev   ^{1, 2, 3, 4} , Dr med ;   Thomas Wolbers   ⁹ , Prof Dr ;   Sofia Marie Lange Mussons   ² , MSc ;   Robert Schöneck   ¹⁰ , Dipl Psych ;   Jil Zoé Fuhrmann   ¹¹ , MSc ;   Felix Bermpohl   ^{1, 2} , Prof Dr Med ;   Andreas Heinz   ^{12, 13} , Prof Dr Dr ;   Miriam Sebold   ¹⁴ , Prof Dr ;   Anne Beck   ^{15 *} , Prof Dr ;   Stefan Gutwinski   ^{1, 2 *} , Prof Dr Med

¹ Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

² Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité at St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

³ BIH Charité Digital Clinician Scientist Program, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

⁴ Partner Site Berlin-Potsdam, German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Berlin, Germany

⁵ Department of Education and Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

⁶ Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany

⁷ Department of Psychology, Institute of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

⁸ Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

⁹ German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany

¹⁰ Salus Clinic Lindow, Lindow, Germany

¹¹ Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

¹² Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Mental Health (DZPG) Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

¹³ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

¹⁴ Department of Business and Law, TH Aschaffenburg - University of Applied Sciences, Aschaffenburg, Germany

¹⁵ Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

*these authors contributed equally