Haptic Virtual Reality Training for Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia in Anesthesiology Trainees: Prospective Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Huihong Xie   ^{1 *} , MM ;   Weiwei Lin   ^{1 *} , BM ;   Yinjie Zheng   ^{1 *} , BM ;   Mingxue Lin   ¹ , MM ;   Xiaobin Fang   ¹ , MD ;   Simeng Ma   ¹ , MM ;   Fu-Shan Xue   ¹ , MD ;   Xiaochun Zheng   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Danfeng Wang   ¹ , MD ;   Fei Gao   ¹ , MD

¹ Department of Anesthesiology, Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China

² Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fuzhou, China

*these authors contributed equally