Digital Interventions for Stress Among Frontline Health Care Workers: Results From a Pilot Feasibility Cohort Trial

Caroline W Espinola   ^{1, 2 *} , MSc, MD ;   Binh Nguyen   ^{3 *} , BSc ;   Andrei Torres   ^{4 *} , BArch, MEng ;   Walter Sim   ² , BSc ;   Alice Rueda   ² , PhD ;   Lindsay Beavers   ^{5, 6} , BSc, MPT ;   Douglas M Campbell   ^{5, 7, 8, 9} , MSc, MD ;   Hyejung Jung   ¹⁰ , MSc ;   Wendy Lou   ¹⁰ , PhD ;   Bill Kapralos   ⁴ , PhD ;   Elizabeth Peter   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Adam Dubrowski   ⁴ , PhD ;   Sridhar Krishnan   ³ , PhD ;   Venkat Bhat   ^{1, 2} , MSc, MD

¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

² Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

³ Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁴ maxSIMhealth Group, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada

⁵ Allan Waters Family Simulation Program, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁶ Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁷ Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁸ Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

¹⁰ Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

¹¹ Lawrence S. Bloomberg, Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

*these authors contributed equally