Published on in Vol 13 (2025)

1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2 Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
3 Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
4 Data Innovation Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
5 Division of Biostatistics, Department of Academic Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
*these authors contributed equally
