Published on in Vol 13 (2025)

1 Department of Public Administration, Law School, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
2 School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
3 National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
4 Research Center for Tobacco Control, Zhejiang University and Research Center for Digital Health Theory and Management, ZJU National Health Big Data Institute, Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
5 School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
6 Tencent IEG Social Value Exploration Center, Shenzhen, China
7 China Taiping Insurance Group Ltd., Shanghai, China
