Usability Study of Augmented Reality Visualization Modalities on Localization Accuracy in the Head and Neck: Randomized Crossover Trial

Yao Li   ^{1, 2} , MSc ;   Gijs Luijten   ^{3, 4, 5} , MSc ;   Christina Gsaxner   ^{3, 5} , PhD ;   Kim Grunert   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Alexis Bader   ^{1, 2, 3, 6} ;   Frank Hölzle   ¹ , MD, DMD, PhD ;   Rainer Röhrig   ² , MD, PhD ;   Matías de la Fuente   ⁷ , PhD ;   Jan Egger   ^{3, 4} , PhD ;   Kunpeng Xie   ^{1, 2} , MSM ;   Behrus Hinrichs-Puladi   ^{1, 2} , MD, DMD

¹ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

² Institute of Medical Informatics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

³ Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM), Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany

⁴ Center for Virtual and Extended Reality in Medicine (ZvRM), Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany

⁵ Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision (ICG), Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria

⁶ Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada

⁷ Chair of Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany