Virtual Reality–Based Pain Modulation in Subacute Musculoskeletal Injury: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Neural and Behavioral Correlates

Ryan Andrew Mace   ^{1, 2, 3} , PhD ;   Ziyan Wu   ^{1, 2, 3} , PhD ;   Christine B Sieberg   ^{1, 2, 3, 4} , PhD ;   Keerthana Deepti Karunakaran   ⁵ , PhD ;   Ke Peng   ⁶ , PhD, MSc ;   David Borsook   ^{2, 3, 7} , MD, PhD

¹ Center for Health Outcomes and Interdisciplinary Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

² Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

³ Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

⁴ Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

⁵ Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States

⁶ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Price Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

⁷ Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States