Published on in Vol 9, No 4 (2021): Oct-Dec

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/30985, first published .
Augmented Reality in Physical Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Augmented Reality in Physical Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Augmented Reality in Physical Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Journals

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  2. Kiani S, Rezaei I, Abasi S, Zakerabasali S, Yazdani A. Technical aspects of virtual augmented reality-based rehabilitation systems for musculoskeletal disorders of the lower limbs: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2023;24(1) View
  3. Chang H, Song Y, Cen X, Chen W. Effectiveness of Augmented Reality for Lower Limb Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2022;2022:1 View
  4. Nikolaidis A. What Is Significant in Modern Augmented Reality: A Systematic Analysis of Existing Reviews. Journal of Imaging 2022;8(5):145 View
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  6. Toledo-Peral C, Vega-Martínez G, Mercado-Gutiérrez J, Rodríguez-Reyes G, Vera-Hernández A, Leija-Salas L, Gutiérrez-Martínez J. Virtual/Augmented Reality for Rehabilitation Applications Using Electromyography as Control/Biofeedback: Systematic Literature Review. Electronics 2022;11(14):2271 View
  7. Wang P, Wang Y, Chen Y, Hsu P, Yang Y. An Augmented Reality (AR) App Enhances the Pulmonary Function and Potency/Feasibility of Perioperative Rehabilitation in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022;20(1):648 View
  8. Malick W, Butt R, Awan W, Ashfaq M, Mahmood Q. Effects of Augmented Reality Interventions on the Function of Upper Extremity and Balance in Children With Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Frontiers in Neurology 2022;13 View
  9. Kleschnitzki J, Grossmann I, Beyer R, Beyer L. Modification in the Motor Skills of Seniors in Care Homes Using Serious Games and the Impact of COVID-19: Field Study. JMIR Serious Games 2022;10(2):e36768 View
  10. Araújo H, Souza R, da Silva T, Nascimento T, Terra M, Smaili S. Immediate Effect of Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Neurofunctional Physiotherapy on Postural Control and Executive Function of Individuals with Parkinson's Disease. Games for Health Journal 2023;12(3):211 View
  11. Aghapour M, Bockstahler B. State of the Art and Future Prospects of Virtual and Augmented Reality in Veterinary Medicine: A Systematic Review. Animals 2022;12(24):3517 View
  12. Baragash R, Aldowah H, Ghazal S. Virtual and augmented reality applications to improve older adults’ quality of life: A systematic mapping review and future directions. DIGITAL HEALTH 2022;8:205520762211320 View
  13. Kasoju N, Remya N, Sasi R, Sujesh S, Soman B, Kesavadas C, Muraleedharan C, Varma P, Behari S. Digital health: trends, opportunities and challenges in medical devices, pharma and bio-technology. CSI Transactions on ICT 2023;11(1):11 View
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  15. Margani V, Pascucci S, Talamonti R, Serani E, Bini F, Marinozzi F, Volpini L, Elfarargy H, Covelli E, Barbara M. Augmented Virtual Reality in Vestibular Assessment: A Dynamic Gait Application. Audiology and Neurotology 2023;28(4):308 View
  16. Rohaj A, Bulaj G. Digital Therapeutics (DTx) Expand Multimodal Treatment Options for Chronic Low Back Pain: The Nexus of Precision Medicine, Patient Education, and Public Health. Healthcare 2023;11(10):1469 View
  17. LaMarca A, Tse I, Keysor J. Rehabilitation Technologies for Chronic Conditions: Will We Sink or Swim?. Healthcare 2023;11(20):2751 View
  18. Cieślik B, Mazurek J, Wrzeciono A, Maistrello L, Szczepańska-Gieracha J, Conte P, Kiper P. Examining technology-assisted rehabilitation for older adults’ functional mobility: a network meta-analysis on efficacy and acceptability. npj Digital Medicine 2023;6(1) View
  19. Lamichhane P, Sukralia S, Alam B, Shaikh S, Farrukh S, Ali S, Ojha R. Augmented reality-based training versus standard training in improvement of balance, mobility and fall risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Medicine & Surgery 2023;85(8):4026 View
  20. Pieczyńska A, Zasadzka E, Pilarska A, Procyk D, Adamska K, Hojan K. Rehabilitation Exercises Supported by Monitor-Augmented Reality for Patients with High-Grade Glioma Undergoing Radiotherapy: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2023;12(21):6838 View
  21. Evron I, Schwartz O, Sajina A, Grosman-Rimon L, Dudkiewicz I. A digital exercise and augmented reality training system improved mobility among stroke patients: A randomized control trial. Technology and Health Care 2024;32(1):89 View
  22. Fabbrizio A, Fucarino A, Cantoia M, De Giorgio A, Garrido N, Iuliano E, Reis V, Sausa M, Vilaça-Alves J, Zimatore G, Baldari C, Macaluso F. Smart Devices for Health and Wellness Applied to Tele-Exercise: An Overview of New Trends and Technologies Such as IoT and AI. Healthcare 2023;11(12):1805 View
  23. Veras M, Labbé D, Furlano J, Zakus D, Rutherford D, Pendergast B, Kairy D. A framework for equitable virtual rehabilitation in the metaverse era: challenges and opportunities. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences 2023;4 View
  24. Rich T, Falbo K, Phelan H, Gravely A, Krebs E, Finn J, Matsumoto M, Muschler K, Olney C, Kiecker J, Hansen A. Clinician perspectives on postamputation pain assessment and rehabilitation interventions. Prosthetics & Orthotics International 2024;48(4):441 View
  25. Rizzi J, D’Antona A, Proto A, Piva G, Lamberti N, Bonfè M, Farsoni S. A Framework Integrating Augmented Reality and Wearable Sensors for the Autonomous Execution of Rehabilitation Exercises. Electronics 2023;12(24):4958 View
  26. Willingham T, Stowell J, Collier G, Backus D. Leveraging Emerging Technologies to Expand Accessibility and Improve Precision in Rehabilitation and Exercise for People with Disabilities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2024;21(1):79 View
  27. Khamees K, Deldar K, Yazarlu O, Tuama A, Ganji R, Mazlom S, Froutan R. Effect of augmented reality–based rehabilitation of hand burns on hand function in children: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Hand Therapy 2025;38(2):235 View
  28. Philippe A, Goncalves A, Korchi K, Deshayes M. Exergaming in augmented reality is tailor-made for aerobic training and enjoyment among healthy young adults. Frontiers in Public Health 2024;12 View
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  30. Abd El-Kafy E, Alayat M, Subahi M, Badghish M. C-Mill Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality Treadmill Training for Reducing Risk of Fall in the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Games for Health Journal 2024;13(4):258 View
  31. Vanoglio F, Comini L, Gaiani M, Bonometti G, Luisa A, Bernocchi P. A Sensor-Based Upper Limb Treatment in Hemiplegic Patients: Results from a Randomized Pilot Study. Sensors 2024;24(8):2574 View
  32. Papagiannis G, Triantafyllou Α, Yiannopoulou K, Georgoudis G, Kyriakidou M, Gkrilias P, Skouras A, Bega X, Stasinopoulos D, Matsopoulos G, Syringas P, Tselikas N, Zestas O, Potsika V, Pardalis A, Papaioannou C, Protopappas V, Malizos N, Tachos N, Fotiadis D. Ηand dexterities assessment in stroke patients based on augmented reality and machine learning through a box and block test. Scientific Reports 2024;14(1) View
  33. Hsu P, Singer J, Keysor J. The evolution of augmented reality to augment physical therapy: A scoping review. Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 2024;11 View
  34. Arman S, Menekseoglu A, Sezgin B, Ozgur B, Capan N, Oral A. The effects of virtual reality-mediated tendon and nerve gliding exercises in the conservative management of carpal tunnel syndrome: a double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 2024;60(3) View
  35. Kaewrat C, Khundam C, Thu M. Enhancing Exercise Monitoring and Guidance Through Mobile Augmented Reality: A Comparative Study of RGB and LiDAR. IEEE Access 2024;12:95447 View
  36. Arwa M, Chaikumarn M. Role of tele-physical therapy in quality of life and satisfaction among patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Musculoskeletal Surgery and Research 2024;8:375 View
  37. Tan X, Wang K, Sun W, Li X, Wang W, Tian F. A Review of Recent Advances in Cognitive-Motor Dual-Tasking for Parkinson’s Disease Rehabilitation. Sensors 2024;24(19):6353 View
  38. Chenais N, Görgen A. Immersive interfaces for clinical applications: current status and future perspective. Frontiers in Neurorobotics 2024;18 View
  39. Rasa A, Borja A. Artificial Intelligence and Its Revolutionary Role in Physical and Mental Rehabilitation: A Review of Recent Advancements. BioMed Research International 2024;2024(1) View
  40. Vaida C, Rus G, Tucan P, Machado J, Pisla A, Zima I, Birlescu I, Pisla D. Enhancing Robotic-Assisted Lower Limb Rehabilitation Using Augmented Reality and Serious Gaming. Applied Sciences 2024;14(24):12029 View
  41. Vecchio M, Chiaramonte R, Buccheri E, Tomasello S, Leonforte P, Rescifina A, Ammendolia A, Longo U, de Sire A. Metaverse-Aided Rehabilitation: A Perspective Review of Successes and Pitfalls. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2025;14(2):491 View
  42. Crogman H, Cano V, Pacheco E, Sonawane R, Boroon R. Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality in Experiential Learning: Transforming Educational Paradigms. Education Sciences 2025;15(3):303 View
  43. Kopalli S, Shukla M, Jayaprakash B, Kundlas M, Srivastava A, Jagtap J, Gulati M, Chigurupati S, Ibrahim E, Khandige P, Garcia D, Koppula S, Gasmi A. Artificial intelligence in stroke rehabilitation: From acute care to long-term recovery. Neuroscience 2025;572:214 View
  44. Obukhova O, Karapetyan M, Tugusheva R. Physiotherapy: prospects of application and limitations of the method. Journal of Medical Rehabilitation 2025;2(4):369 View
  45. Lu M, Saeys W, Maryam M, Gjeleshi I, Nazarahari H, Truijen S, Scataglini S. Using 3D and 4D digital human modeling in extended reality-based rehabilitation: a systematic review. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 2025;13 View
  46. Jia C, Liu X, Ning L, Ge L. The Effects of Augmented Reality on Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2025;34(11):4578 View
  47. Chen M, Chen Y, Lin C. Enhancing Adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Augmented Reality: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Research Protocols 2025;14:e69757 View
  48. Chen X, Wan L, Wang B. Early mobilization in postoperative glioma patients real world impact on recovery and long term prognosis. Scientific Reports 2025;15(1) View
  49. Li Y, Li S, Liu H, Xu L, Liao S, Bao J, Xi Y, Song X. Effects of Serious Games on Memory Improvement in Older Adults Without Obvious Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Games for Health Journal 2025 View
  50. Yadav K, Chhabra C, Aziz R, Khan S, Kaur H, Devi P. Computer technology and software as catalysts of gamification advancements in various domains of physical therapy: A narrative review. Physiotherapy - The Journal of Indian Association of Physiotherapists 2025;19(1):22 View
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  52. Sohrabei S, Zolfaghari V, Ehsanzadeh S. The Effect of Immersion Technology on the Quality of Life in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. AGING MEDICINE 2025;8(4):324 View
  53. Kayaalp M, Konstantinou E, Karaismailoglu B, Lucidi G, Kaymakoglu M, Vieider R, Giusto J, Inoue J, Hirschmann M. The metaverse in orthopaedics: Virtual, augmented and mixed reality for advancing surgical training, arthroscopy, arthroplasty and rehabilitation. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2025;33(8):3039 View
  54. Michailidou T, Petrou E, Dimitriadis Z, Besios T, Paras G. Immersion as a determinant of the effectiveness of visual feedback systems in the rehabilitation of motor disorders: a systematic review. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2025;32(6):1 View
  55. Renna M, Berardi A, Panuccio F, Galeoto G, Simeon R. Occupational Therapy Intervention in People with Muscular Dystrophy: A Systematic Review. Occupational Therapy In Health Care 2025:1 View
  56. Lampropoulos G, Anastasiadis T, Garzón J. Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Exergaming. Future Internet 2025;17(8):332 View
  57. Wei W, Gao J, Luo X, Gong X, Dong L. A scoping review of the applications of augmented reality in nursing. BMC Nursing 2025;24(1) View
  58. Liu X, Yu H, Wang Y, Xu J, Zhou P, Wang X. Revealing Patients’ Continuous Intentions to Augmented Reality-Assisted Healthcare Exercise Systems: A Dual-Stage Analysis of PLS-SEM and fsQCA. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 2025:1 View
  59. Henson L, Hart A, Zemel M, Tang G, Arora V. Exploring the Role of Augmented Reality to Enhance Applied Anatomy Education for Anesthesiologists. PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality 2025;34:323 View
  60. Du S, He Z, Wu C, Lyu T, Liu M, Li Y, Wen L, Liu X. Mixed reality-based upper limb motor function assessment system: Feasibility and reliability study for PSCI rehabilitation. Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2025;28:100408 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Solas-Martínez J, Suárez-Manzano S, De la Torre-Cruz M, Ruiz-Ariza A. Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence. View
  2. Muto Y, Kasuya J, Oshiba M, Yamada R, Suzuki Y, Hagiwara M, Muto T. Human-Computer Interaction. View
  3. Ismail M, Adib M. Proceedings of the 2nd Human Engineering Symposium. View
  4. Rajalaxmi V, Kirthika R. Advancements in Clinical Medicine. View
  5. Colatei M, De Piano E, Vittorini P. Emerging Technologies for Education. View
  6. Pineda-Alpizar A, Mourraille-Rojas J, Cruz-Alvarenga A. Clinical Practice and Unmet Challenges in AI-Enhanced Healthcare Systems. View
  7. Vinod V, Çela E, Eappen P. Advancing Adaptive Education. View
  8. Hulsen T. The Digital Doctor. View
  9. Oyedokun T. AI-Driven Business Model Innovation. View
  10. Naik D, Pokharkar P, Patil R, Pitre A. Modern Digital Approaches to Care Technologies for Individuals With Disabilities. View
  11. Rani P, Lamba R, Ghantasala G, Sachdeva R, Sharma R, Sungheetha A, Bathla P. Advances in Intelligent Computing and Communication. View
  12. Nwosu A, Stanley S, Norris J, Taubert M. Technologies in Palliative Care for Older People. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Nelson C, Gabbard J. 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR). Augmented Reality Rehabilitative and Exercise Games (ARREGs): A Systematic Review and Future Considerations View
  2. Yu J. 2023 7th IEEE Congress on Information Science and Technology (CiSt). Measuring the effectiveness of the Augmented Reality Technology on Muscular Rehabilitation endurance and coordination View
  3. Hourcade J, Schmuecker S, Norris D, Currin F. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference. Understanding Adult Stakeholder Perspectives on the Ethics of Extended Reality Technologies with a Focus on Young Children and Children in Rural Areas View
  4. Tykhyi R, Tsapiv Y, Dyvak M, Popovych D, Havrylenko A, Husieva T. 2024 14th International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies (ACIT). Software System for Supporting Art Therapy Processes using Augmented Reality Technologies View
  5. Vulović A, Ilić Đ, Filipović F, Filipović N. 2024 IEEE 24th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE). Virtual Coach Platform for Rehabilitation - Platform Overview and Its Assessment View
  6. Noh H, Chishti S, Jo H, Newhouse N, Kim S, Van Kleek M, Kang Y. Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CounselAR: Exploring How AR Filters Facilitate Online Psychotherapy In the Wild With South Korean Young Adults View
  7. Loureiro M, Oliveira W, Machado F, Vieira I, Mello R, Frizera A. 2025 International Conference On Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR). Evaluating Differences in Smart Walker-Assisted Locomotion in Augmented and Virtual Reality Environment View