Game-Based Learning and Gamification in Laparoscopic Skills Education: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Xiangqing Meng   ^{1 *} , MD, PhD ;   Zhanshuo Wan   ^{1 *} , BMed ;   Wei Li   ^{1 *} , MD, PhD ;   Yao Lu   ^{2, 3, 4 *} , MD, PhD ;   Meixuan Su   ⁵ , MD ;   Youness Zidoun   ⁶ , PhD ;   Hongliang Xian   ⁷ , MD ;   Jing Tian   ¹ , MD ;   Xiaobo Xie   ^{1, 2} , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Clinical Skills Training Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

² Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Orthopedic Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

³ Clinical Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

⁴ State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

⁵ Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

⁶ College of Medicine, Dubai Medical University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

⁷ Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

*these authors contributed equally